1 Samuel 23:7

Authorized King James Version

And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֻּגַּ֣ד
And it was told
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
#2
שָׁא֗וּל
And Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#3
כִּי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#4
לָב֔וֹא
by entering
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#5
דָוִ֖ד
that David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#6
קְעִילָ֑ה
to Keilah
keilah, a place in palestine
#7
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#8
שָׁא֗וּל
And Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#9
נִכַּ֨ר
hath delivered
properly, to scrutinize, i.e., look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (
#10
אֹת֤וֹ
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#11
אֱלֹהִים֙
God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#12
בְּיָדִ֔י
him into mine hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#13
כִּ֚י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#14
נִסְגַּ֣ר
for he is shut in
to shut up; figuratively, to surrender
#15
לָב֔וֹא
by entering
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#16
בְּעִ֖יר
into a town
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#17
דְּלָתַ֥יִם
that hath gates
something swinging, i.e., the valve of a door
#18
וּבְרִֽיחַ׃
and bars
a bolt

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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